Saturday, November 29, 2014

So, You Want to Adopt a Deaf Child? Part 7 of...

"The Adopted Deaf Child and Your Church"


These multiple blogposts, "So You Want to Adopt a Deaf Child?", are being written to try to better prepare a hearing family, for adopting a deaf child.  Rarely are these things ever considered when a family says yes to adopt a child with a hearing loss.  The increasing number of deaf adopted children being released for the adoption by a 2nd family is one of the reasons for these blogposts.  

This is the 7th in the series.  Here are links to all the others.

Part 1, Adopting the Deaf Child, An Overview

Part 2, What is the Best and Quickest Way to Learn American Sign Language?

Part 3, No One Told Me


Part 4, Deaf Children are Anything, But Quiet

Part 5, Why Is The Deaf Child So Far Behind the Hearing Child?

Part 6, The Adopted Deaf Child and the Cochlear Implant


Part 8, What is BEST for the Deaf Child and Beyond?


95% of deaf children are born to and/or are raised by hearing parents, who probably have never met a Deaf person in their life.  So they have some excuse for their not knowing all these things when they are suddenly confronted with raising a child that experiences deafness.  However, if you have decided your family is prepared to adopt, and the best option to adopt a child with deafness, this is one of the things you need to be prepared to accept.  Just in case no one has told you or you have not thought of this yourself. 

First, here is another little known fact, among hearing people, that still boggles my mind.   Less than 10% of those parents who give birth to and/or are raising deaf children, here in the US, ever learn to sign with them.  That statement shocks me every time I read it, hear it!  These numbers are coming from schools for the Deaf around the country, so these are hearing families who have accepted the fact their deaf children should be educated in a sign language-rich  environment, YET they are not willing to learn that language to grant them good, strong communication, with their deaf child. That fact is beyond my comprehension! 

Through the years, hearing parents of deaf children--this is after their deaf children have become adults--have confided to me two things, consistently.  One, they so wish they had learned to sign with their deaf children when they were young.  And two, others tell me they regret not allowing their deaf children to learn to sign when they were children, as many do not learn ASL until college-age. They realize how this has ostracized their children in both the hearing and the Deaf worlds.  By the way, these are not questions I pose to these family members, but simply conversations parents initiate with me...the interpreter.






Back to our topic at hand...

Unless your family is already attending a church where there is an established Deaf Ministry, this will most likely be an area of great struggle, frustration, and disappointment for you and your family, once you adopt a deaf child.  It is very possibly your family will have to seek out another church.  The only problem is, there are very few churches, across this country, doing a really good job of reaching out to the Deaf, through ASL interpreted services or with Deaf-led services. In the largest cities, where the concentration of the Deaf population is much greater, there are few thriving Deaf Ministries (most often hearing-led by ASL interpreters and some with Deaf leaders) and even fewer Deaf Churches, where the pastor himself is Deaf. 

Once you begin to learn about the Deaf Affinity Group, the group of people who identify themselves as Deaf living around the world, a subculture of every hearing-culture, you will quickly be confronted with the fact that less than 2% of all Deaf people know of and/or follow Jesus Christ.  That is true right here in our own US of A.  This fact puts them in the top three unreached people groups around the world. 

Think that through for just a moment. Try to think about how this could impact your adopted deaf child and your family throughout your adoption journey, which is life-long and will actually reach into the next generation.  For example, if you have dreams of your adopted deaf son or daughter growing up and easily finding and marrying another Deaf person, who is a follower of Christ, think again.  You do think about your deaf child growing up and becoming all God desires for him/her to be, don't you?

Allow me to share a little Deaf Culture with you.

There are no statistics on how many Deaf people marry other Deaf people, nor how many mixed marriages (Deaf with hearing) there are, but in years past Deaf marrying Deaf was the most common practice.  Several reasons have been suggested:

1) Deaf people tend to feel only other Deaf people can truly identify with them on a deeper level through their language of ASL and their shared experiences, growing up in a hearing family that never learned to converse with them,.  They feel the bond they can have with each other is much stronger when they marry another Deaf person. This often comes from their life experiences of hearing family members rarely sharing details of their family's spoken conversations, everyday.

2)  Deaf people would marry other Deaf people so they could keep their precious ASL and Deaf culture more pure. 


3) Many years ago, it was thought if a hearing person married a deaf person their deafness was contagious and it would spread.  So, intermarrying was taboo, for most hearing people, at least for a time. 

Back to our topic:


Let me help you think through some reasons why it is hard for an all hearing church to embrace the adopted deaf child of even one of their own?   




1) More than likely, no one in your congregation knows sign language or has any idea about the culture of the Deaf.  I know it may be a few years before your deaf child can communicate well via sign language, but when he/she does others need to be ready to converse with them.  If no one at the church can communicate with your deaf child, you can be assured there will be behavior issues to deal with on a regular basis.
Pairing your deaf child with a "buddy" who knows sign language, to some extent, could help reduce those frustrations for a time.  The vast differences in these two cultures, Deaf and hearing, will take someone who is passionate about the Deaf a life time of willingness to learn.  


2) Deaf children have an uncanny ability to make noise at the most inopportune and embarrassing times. You think this will be an easy fix?  Think again.  Since deaf children, often do not even know what makes sound and they cannot hear those sounds, they have no idea they are causing a disturbance to the hearing people around them.  Granted sometimes they do begin to do this just to annoy hearing people, but this is something deaf children and their parents deal with for many years.  These continual disturbances are not well tolerated by most hearing people and it will not take long for someone to tell you so.  Be assured, it is not only the Deaf who are being excluded from our churches, but all those who are not "normal" experience this oppression from the very ones that should embrace them with open arms.  

Here is a recent article about how few churches, in America, are reaching anyone with a disability, The Church and Disability.   


3) Hiring a qualified ASL interpreter for just your deaf child may not be well received by your church and often harder still, there may not be a local qualified interpreter willing to interpret on a regular basis. I dare say this is an area, where you will want the most qualified ASL interpreter who shares the same beliefs as does your family, to ensure the message for your deaf son or daughter is clear.  Again, this is not an easy find.  In addition, fees for qualified ASL interpreters, especially on the weekend, can easily start at more than $50 per hour.
I have read recent blog posts of families who are in the process of adopting a deaf child who mention how easy it would be for the adopting family who adopts a deaf child just to go ahead and start a Deaf Ministry in their own church.  Let me just say, from more than 14 years experience of being involved with Deaf Ministry and learning from several others, mentors, who have been involved with Deaf Ministry for over 40 years, themselves, developing a Deaf Ministry is far from easy. Trust me when I say, you will already have your hands full if you adopt a deaf child, leaving no energy whatsoever to start and maintain a Deaf Ministry. 


"Why is Deaf Ministry So Hard?" is a two part blog post shared by Marshall Lawrence--the hearing biological father of a deaf daughter, Rachel, founder of Silent Blessings Deaf Ministries and the children's TV series performed by all Deaf actors, Dr. Wonder's Workshop.  



To watch each episode in its entirety click here.

Others say hearing mom and dad can easily begin interpreting at church for their deaf child once they are home.
IF mom or dad are already trained ASL interpreters, that MIGHT be a possibility.  If that does happen your church will no longer be a place for you to refresh, refuel and reconnect.  You must keep in mind, casually signing in ASL and interpreting in ASL are two vastly different things.  Conceptually accurate interpreting is a skill that requires many years of training and practice and should be shared with a team interpreter if the assignment is longer than say an hour of continuous interpreting with no breaks. Ideally, that time should be no more than 30 minutes. Again, your life will be full to overflowing by the adoption of your deaf child and interpreting at church will become an added burden not a service filled with joy.  Some deaf adopted children are so embarrassed by being the only deaf person in their church and then having mom or dad interpret for them, drawing even more attention to them, especially if they are seated up front, becomes more than they can handle. 






If you have not given much thought to or prayed about the spiritual needs of your deaf child, please do.  As I shared earlier, the Deaf are among the top unreached people groups around the world.  Actually, this should be your main focus of prayer for your deaf son or daughter, in my opinion; to know and follow Christ with all their hearts, souls, minds, and strength.  While their spiritual foundations must come from within their own homes, the place the family decides to corporately worship with other believers will ultimately greatly impact your deaf child, as well. 

"Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one. Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength. These commandments that I give you today are to be on your hearts. Impress them on your children. Talk about them when you sit at home and when you walk along the road, when you lie down and when you get up. Tie them as symbols on your hands and bind them on your foreheads. Write them on the door frames of your houses and on your gates."~Deuteronomy 6:4-9

One of the best resources available for reaching the hearts of all children for Christ is the National Center for Biblical Parenting.  Check them out, today!




Monday, August 25, 2014

So You Want to Adopt a Deaf Child? Part 6 of...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpKKYBkJ9Hw
Click the above picture to go to the
Cochlear Implant Simulation
on Speech & Music
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpKKYBkJ9Hw


The "Adopted" Deaf Child & The Cochlear Implant



Note: The term "deaf" is defined as partially or completely lacking the sense of hearing, therefore it includes those considered "hard of hearing", as well. 


Hopefully, you have noticed in this series, "So You Want to Adopt a Deaf Child?"--6 posts thus far--the topics covered and information shared are somewhat different from other information found in other places.  We try to address topics that are rarely even thought about, prior to adopting a deaf child, but will greatly impact a family if they do adopt a deaf child.  We believe it is the right of the deaf child to have adoptive parents who are highly skilled and prepared specifically for their vast needs, prior to bringing them home.  We believe the information these blog posts are covering will help equip them to do that, IF they decide to proceed with the adoption of a deaf child. 




In the year 2014, we live in a world of much misinformation--false and/or inaccurate information sharing. Sometimes it is because only some of the information is readily shared or easily discovered.  Often times, the media shares information that will only cause the greatest emotional response, with hopes that will guarantee them more faithful followers in the future.  Sometimes, it is just easier not to share all the information upfront because it is too overwhelming.  Let's just face it, sometimes, we are easily satisfied with what we are told, initially, because we like it and are not willing to do the necessary work to do an exhaustive information search on our own.  I could site many examples of this, but the one that is nearest to me, at the moment, is the one that I will share in this blog post. 



If I randomly interviewed people on Any Street, USA and asked the question..."Does the Cochlear Implant make someone who is deaf, hearing?", for those who have heard about the Cochlear Implant (CI) before, I have no doubt an overwhelming  majority of people would respond, "Yes, of course, it does!".  While their response is "partially true"--the Cochlear Implant (CI) does provide the recipient with the sensation of sound, albeit much different from the sound our natural hearing provides--there is much more information the parents desiring to adopt a deaf child must know. 


This will not be a simple or easy journey, gaining full knowledge surrounding the CI, but I believe it is a vital one and one every deaf child is worthy of.  Many adoptive parents, adoption agency personnel, and incountry orphan care workers ASSUME the CI will "fix" deafness.  That simply...is not true.  It will require much time in research and prayer, on your part, parents, to uncover all the necessary information to make a wise decision concerning the CI. Not doing so, I believe, is a disservice to not only the deaf child, but also to yourself and the rest of your family. 





Cochlear Implant Simulation:  Click the above picture to hear what "sound" sounds like through a Cochlear Implant.



For the "adopted" deaf/HOH child, whose brain has been deeply traumatized and whose emotional and social development is grossly immature, the functioning outcomes of the CI have never been researched.  The functioning outcomes of the CI are the measurable benefits the CI provides the recipient in communication access --listening and speaking skills. The ultimate test of these skills are when the recipient communicates with those in the natural hearing world and not just among their immediate family members who become accustomed to understanding their speech no matter the clarity.  The published outcomes of the CI on the deaf child are based almost solely on those who are born into loving families, with healthy developing brains and with the greatest of external professional resources for skill training, not on the "adopted" older deaf/HOH child's brain. 



What is the Cochlear Implant? "A cochlear implant is a small, complex electronic device that can help to provide a sense of sound to someone who is profoundly deaf or severely hard-of-hearing HOH. The implant consists of an external portion that sits behind the ear and a second portion that is surgically placed under the skin (see the above picture)."  (www.nidcd.nih.gov) There is also an internal probe that reaches down into the Cochlea (inner ear), where sound is transported to the brain for comprehension.  The CI destroys all residual hearing the recipient might have. Of course, there are always risks involved with a surgery of this magnitude, so research those here.

 


Chances are you have seen the emotional videos on FB and/or TV showing the first time a young child has "heard" his/her mother's voice.  They do pull at your heart strings, but these videos can be misleading as you must remember this child is not suddenly hearing AND understanding their mother's voice, as you and I might first be tempted to believe, they are simply hearing "sound" for the first time, provided by the CI.  As you heard in the simulation video above.  Many years of intensive speech and hearing training and thousands of hours of therapies will be required to enable this young pre-lingual (knowing no spoken language prior to implantation) deaf child the optimum use of the CI, whatever that might be for each specific child, as it is different for each individual recipient.  





Do you ever wonder, as I do, why it is we rarely see follow-up videos and reports on the outcomes/successes of these children as they grow into adulthood?  One would think they would be the best advertisement for those doing the CI surgery and those manufacturing the CI.   I believe it is partially because ultimately the outcomes of the CI vary so greatly from one recipient to another and so many children implanted do not grow up to be as "hearing" as we are initially led to believe. 



While the CI is considered "successful" as it does provide "sound" for the recipient there is so much more involved than just "hearing" that sound.  The brain must be trained to translate that sound into comprehendable meanings that then translate into language and speech and most-desirable clear communication with another hearing person.  Sometimes the comprehension of speech being heard via the CI surpasses the recipients ability to then vocalize the correct sound(s) and speak clearly.  The ability you and I have to speak clearly is directly related to what we hear and how well our brain can translate what we hear, therefore what a CI recipient "hears" will directly determine how well they speak.  


Just to give you an idea of how hard it is to master spoken language, unnaturally, click on the video above. Rachel Kolb from the TEDxStanford website is profoundly deaf, but had 20 years of speech therapies and very supportive parents from birth.  She was a student at Stanford and a Rhodes Scholar when she gave this speech in 2013.  While she speaks clearly, to some degree, she prefers to communicate through sign language, as she says it is a much more natural communication for her.  Her talk is given in spoken English, but she is also fluent in American Sign Language.  Rachel is bi-lingual (English and ASL) and bi-cultural (hearing and Deaf Culture). 



Experiment: Try NOT looking at Rachel while she is speaking and see how well you can understand her.  


Rachel is studying abroad this fall at Oxford, majoring in English and writing.  An ASL (American Sign Language) interpreter will accompany her. 

Review the 3rd post in this series:

"The New "Member" of Your Family...the ASL Interpreter!"


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It is vitally important to understand the backgrounds of CI recipients to further understand the unique challenges they will face in interpreting the sound generated by a CI accurately and then utilizing that interpretation for communication and functioning in the "hearing" world.  Generally, there are three different categories or groups of CI recipients.


1) Post-Lingual (after spoken language develops) CI Recipient - typically the age represented by this group would be a hearing child or adult that is already speaking, age 36 months and older, but lost their hearing suddenly due to an injury, illness or as a result of prolonged use of certain drugs prescribed for an illness.  This category represents a very small group of deaf/HOH children, as the above situations are rare.




If the recipient of a CI was hearing and speaking (post-lingual) prior to implantation, the brain's ability to match the new sounds it is hearing with the original sounds it knew, will be much more natural and, therefore, somewhat easier.   The sounds will not "sound" the same, of course, as you heard when you listened to the CI simulation above, but the brain's ability to connect the new sound with meaning will be greater than for those who did not hear and speak naturally before implantation. 


Putting on the CI is not the same as putting on a pair of glasses to perfectly correct your vision.  It will take much time to re-train the brain to learn what each new sound represents. I have heard of some newly implanted recipients, in this post-lingual category, going throughout their homes flushing the toilet, turning various appliances on and off, and practicing bodily functions to be able to determine which new sound specifically represents the old natural sound. The same is true for speech following a CI surgery.  A recipient's own voice, now heard through the CI, will sound different than before, as will all other voices.  The brain can adapt well, however, if it was already programmed to hear AND comprehend speech, naturally, before the CI surgery. For the vast majority of CI recipients who were hearing and speaking prior to implantation, the outcomes for a fully functioning life in the hearing world are much higher than for those who have never heard and spoken before. 



Resource:

Treating Hearing Loss with Cochlear Implants

2) Pre-Lingual CI Recipient, under the age of 36 months

For the young deaf/HOH child, 6 - 36 months of age, with a neurologically-healthy functioning brain, the CI can possibly become the hearing replacement or sound producer for acquiring language, more so than for those older who have surpassed this critical sound and language acquisition phase of life, up to 36 months. That is not to say all children implanted prior to 36 months of age will become fully functioning and communicate with ease in the hearing world, as research does NOT support those outcomes. There are innumerable variables involved with each unique deaf/HOH child and the many external resources (therapies and trainings to help the recipient produce listening and speaking skills) which will be needed for obtaining the maximum benefit.  It is important to understand that the way a hearing child naturally learns a language is by first hearing sounds and mimicking them repeatedly, practicing until it comes out correctly-spoken.  The developmental process of spoken language really begins in utero for the unborn child and continues for at least the next 36 months.

Resources:

Language Outcomes After Cochlear Implantation

Language Development Domain


3) Pre-lingual CI Recipient, age 3 (36 months) and older

For the older deaf/HOH children, implanted at age 3 (36 months) and older, outcomes granted by the CI vary significantly. Those deaf children who have not been exposed to spoken language because of their deafness, prior to 36 months, will struggle to master spoken language and good listening skills.  Spoken language takes longer to develop, even naturally, than visual language; hence the reason so many hearing parents now teach their hearing babies sign language, so they can begin communicating their wants and needs as early as 8 months of age. 




Resource:

Language Outcomes After Cochlear Implantation (58 references included)


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Note: The research outcomes for the above categories are not based on the "adopted" deaf/HOH child, but are based almost solely on the deaf/HOH child born into loving hearing families.  In addition, the required professional support services all CI recipients must receive for producing the best outcomes (listening and speaking skills) are local and readily available to these children and they and their families are fully utilizing them.


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When researching the CI prior to adopting the deaf child, three equally important things to remember for the deaf child you desire to adopt are shared below.  These three factors MUST be foremost in your mind as you sift through the research for the CI.



1) Language Acquisition - Rarely are the brains of the adopted deaf child in the prime age of language learning from 6 months to just under 36 months (3 years) when they are adopted.  In fact, most are over 3 or 4 yrs of age and some are as old as 10.
Yes, some deaf/HOH children are available for adoption, with no exposure to language at all even at the age of 10.  Keep in mind, the time span between 6 months and 36 months is the "full developmental process" for language learning.  There is nothing magical about simply being under 36 months when the deaf child receives the CI.  The vast majority of adopted deaf children are beyond the "optimal time", according to their brains, to "master" language. This does not mean they cannot learn language, but it does mean the process will be laborious and take many years of training.

Resources:


Brain Development and the Mastery of Language in the Early Childhood Years

Speech and Language Developmental Milestones



AND


2) Neurologically Unhealthy Brain - All adopted deaf children will have experienced trauma.  The same is true for all adopted children, but remember the deaf child will also have additional trauma because of the lack of language and little to no communication for bonding with peers and/or caregivers.  In fact, deaf children tend to be targeted by their hearing peers and their hearing caregivers for additional bullying and abuse...physical and sexual.  Which means, even if you do find a deaf child under the age of 3 to adopt, the trauma they have experienced will greatly impact their brain's ability to not only bond with you and others, but also acquire language, immediately, as it will not be a neurologically-healthy functioning brain. Not only will this neurologically unhealthy brain delay the ability of the deaf child to learn and master language, it will also mean the many years needed to develop spoken & understood language (communication) via the CI, will also delay the bonding between the child and their hearing, speaking family members.  Signed language can bridge those two gaps much more quickly.   Clear communication is vital to building trust and felt-safety for the adopted child and without that the deaf child's traumatized brain will not be begin to heal and become healthy. 

Resources:

Understanding the Importance of Neurotransmitters


Understanding the Effects of Maltreatment on Brain Development

                                                                 
                                           AND



3) No matter what country the adopted deaf child comes from, the medical records will be sorely lacking in their diagnostic evaluations, especially concerning the child's deafness. The extent of deafness of an adopted child can rarely be fully known until they are evaluated comprehensively here in the states. Hearing screening and testing is rare in other countries, especially of institutionalized children.  Deafness is not visible and it can be easily overlooked, especially in the child under the age of 3 or 4.  Older non-verbal children MIGHT be suspected of hearing loss, but rarely then are they even tested.  Some children labeled "non-verbal" could also have hearing loss.  I know many stories of families adopting a child and following their first physical here in the states their deafness is discovered. No one knew! I also know of several stories of families specifically adopting a deaf child and when they arrive home they find out their child's deafness was a severe case of ear-wax buildup. You see many pictures of children wearing hearing aides and maybe even CI's, in other countries, not until they are evaluated, here, do you know if any of them actually benefit the child...or even work for that matter.  Do not trust what is in any "waiting child's medical file" as being 100% accurate or complete.  After hearing so many stories of inaccuracies--misinformation--relating to the medical files of adopted children you simply cannot trust what is listed there or what may not be listed there as factual. Adoption, truly is an act of faith! 

Review the 5th post in this series:

"Why Is The Deaf Child So Far Behind the Hearing Child?"


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As we all know visual language--mime, gestures and sign language--is often much more easily understood even by people from different cultures and different spoken languages.  The use of sign language and gestures with the deaf child will greatly increase their understanding and will begin to strengthen their bond with their family members, in a much more timely manner than the long-awaited outcomes of the CI.  In addition, the increased visual communication opens their brains to a much bigger world, creating a more healthy environment in which to grow their brains whose development has been stunted by trauma.  Using visual language to communicate with the adopted deaf child will also begin the process of bonding and connecting, much more quickly.  Much the same as the reasons for teaching hearing babies to sign before they can speak.






Test:  The video above has no spoken language.  Not one word.  See how much of it you can understand, visually. 


Review the 2nd post in this series:

What Is the Best & Quickest Way to Learn ASL?



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Parents MUST be fully informed of ALL the requirements and challenges surrounding the implantation of the CI for their deaf/HOH adopted child, from pre-surgery and for the rest of their lives.


As you gather information please pay close attention to the words that are used to describe the outcomes and results of the CI.  The words used are very general in their claims and never specific, never promising a deaf/HOH child will be able to "function normally, just as a naturally hearing person does, in the hearing world".  Some questions you will want to ask:
  • I understand my child will hear sounds, but will he/she be able to understand what is heard clear enough so they can begin speaking clear enough to function "normally" in a hearing world? If so, how long with this process take?
  • Will my child need additional support(s), in addition to the CI, to reach their highest possible functioning level within the hearing world? If so, what are they?
  • What is the average number of years it takes for an older deaf/HOH child (over the age of 3), following implantation to begin to speak in full sentences accurately and being fully understood by others and with an age-appropriate level of comprehension? 
  •  How long will the CI last?  Will it need to be replaced? 
  • Will my insurance cover the CI surgery AND all the needed therapies and trainings that are required for optimum listening & speaking development? 
  • Could the fact my adopted deaf/HOH child's brain has been traumatized by neglect and institutionalization sabotage the best possible outcomes provided by a CI?   

  •  Will you allow us to still use sign language with our deaf/HOH child after implantation(some programs will not)?

  • Am I willing and able to commit the time needed to ensure my implanted deaf/HOH adopted child receives every required external resource (listening and speaking skills therapies & trainings), IF they are available in my area, whereby granting them the best environment for developing the highest possible outcomes achievable for them, whatever that is? 
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Last, but certainly not least, is the question of the
whole child. How will the CI affect the whole child cognitively, emotionally, physically, and spiritually? The CI requires years of training and therapies for communication (listening and speaking skills) to develop,
how will that impact the adopted deaf child's ability to connect and bond with hearing family members and beyond?   How will the CI affect them as they grow into adulthood?


I strongly recommend you interview at least 4 adult CI recipients that were implanted after the age of 3 and more specifically those who had no access to language (no hearing aides or speech training) prior to implantation, this will give the best comparison.  However, unless they were adopted, with traumatized brain development, the comparison will still not be equal. 


Always remember the adopted deafchild is unique in their history & trauma, in their personality, in their drive to achieve and/or please, in their ability to stay on task, in their ability to not only endure the countless hours needed for listening and speech trainings and therapies, but also learn from them. 


Signs for Hope believes it is the right of every deaf child to be given the opportunity to learn sign language as their first mode of communication. Having sign language as a base for communication, not only for bonding between parents and the adopted deaf child, in a timely manner, will also guarantee a continuous mode of communication should the CI not provide the desired and needed fully-functioning access to their "hearing" world years later. 

If you have additional questions and would like to contact me, Becky Lloyd, please do not hesitate to do so. I may not know the answers to your questions, but we can discover them together. 


I pray the above information has helped to give a much broader picture of the CI and the "adopted" deaf child. The decision to implant or not to implant is rarely an easy one, as some may mistakenly believe.  Instead, it is one that requires much time and patience to gain the full knowledge necessary to make wise decisions for each deaf child. 


If any of you lacks wisdom, you should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to you. But when you ask, you must believe and not doubt, because the one who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed by the wind. That person should not expect to receive anything from the Lord. Such a person is double-minded and unstable in all they do.~James 1:5-8



Sunday, July 13, 2014

So You Want to Adopt a Deaf Child? Part 5 of...

"Why Is The Deaf Child So Far Behind The Hearing Child?" 

               This is the 5th blog post in the series "So You Want to Adopt a Deaf Child?"


The purpose of this series is to raise awareness and help educate all those involved in the process of the adoption of a deaf child; this includes their prospective parents and those representing the deaf children for adoption here in the US and in the deaf child's birth country.  Adoption is a life-long journey, it is not just the process of bringing your son or daughter home.  Parents must be fully informed of the many ways adopting a deaf child will impact their lives, prior to bringing them home. This will help to ensure parents are well equipped and the necessary resources are available and in place for allowing the deaf child the greatest possibility to thrive and reach their greatest potential.  

The Uniqueness of Deafness blog post should be read before the following:

Part 1 - A General Overview of the Deaf Child


Part 2 - Learning ASL (American Sign Language)


Part 3 - The New "Member" of Your Family...the ASL Interpreter!


Part 4 - Myth: Your Home Will Be Quieter with a Deaf Child!


This post: "Why Is The Deaf Child So Far Behind the Hearing Child?"



If you have not already been told, or discovered it through your own research, most likely 100% of the children available for adoption, today, have experienced trauma either during pregnancy, during birth, and/or during their early months and years of life.  This alone is cause enough for them to be behind in their social and emotional development compared to their peers, born into loving families (http://www.comeunity.com/adoption/health/adoption-orphanage-development.html). 

In fact, Arthur Becker-Weidman's study of 57 children who had experienced early maltreatment (trauma) revealed the developmental average age for this group was 4 years 4 months, but the average chronological age was 9 years 9 months.  That's right, their developmental age was half their chronological age.  The above study does not not take into consideration the deaf child.

Let's turn our attention to the biologically born deaf child. 


95+% of children who experience deafness to some degree have hearing parents.  That means that less than 5% of deaf children are raised by Deaf parents.  Read it again and let it sink in.  Remember, when I use "d" I am referring to the population who has some form of hearing loss and when I use "D" I am referring to the population that identifies themselves within the Deaf Culture.  When I use both "d/D" I am referring to all those with hearing loss and those embracing the Deaf Community as their culture.  A separate blog post, in this series, will be devoted to the Deaf Culture. 


Deaf parents begin communicating with their babies (remember the vast majority of their babies, greater than 95%, are hearing) from the time they are born, the same as biological hearing parents do with their babies.  The only difference...their mode of communication. Deaf parents use American Sign Language (ASL) and hearing parents use spoken English.  Yes, both use a variety of other body language and facial expressions to also communicate with their babies, too. By the way, I am not aware of any hearing adult children with Deaf parents who are are not skilled English speakers.

If you are not already aware teaching hearing babies sign language has become a common occurrence for many hearing families these days.  This tends to be very basic and usually only consists of teaching one sign for one word and ends around the time the child's spoken vocabulary takes off at age two or three.  Research proves babies can learn to sign/gesture to express their needs much sooner than they can verbalize or speak their requests.  This reduces their frustrations, "giving them voice", and stimulates brain function and development at a very early age. Having a voice or being able to communicate wants and needs by signing reduces frustrations for the hearing baby (and of course this is true for the deaf baby, as well) which means less crying and less temper tantrums providing improved communication with those who care for them.  Research also sites babies given the ability to communicate through sign early can increase their IQ by as much as 12 points.  So babies born to Deaf parents, hearing or deaf, are reaping the many benefits of, manual/visual (on the hands) communication from birth, via American Sign Language (ASL).


Now, let's turn our attention to the deaf child waiting to be adopted.


It is possible the older deaf children (ages 7 or 8 and beyond), available for adoption, will have had the opportunity to learn their native sign language in their own country (ASL is not universal) prior to their coming home. Rarely before this age are they exposed to sign.  And for those deaf children who have been exposed to their native sign language for any amount of time, they should be placed in families that are already sign language fluent. 

However, 
it is also very possible the 10 year old and older deaf child, available for adoption, will have never been exposed to sign language of any kind prior to their adoption.  That's right, no language (not even written) at the age of 10 and sometimes older for some. Of course, deaf children, who have been deprived of the ability to learn to communicate with anyone in their world will have the most trauma to overcome.  These deaf children should be placed in homes that are highly trained and equipped and sign-language fluent giving the deaf child the greatest opportunity to begin to bond as soon as mom and dad (and siblings) can begin to teach them sign language in the natural setting of "home".  If there is no mode of communication for the deaf child and parents are not already sign language fluent the ability to begin the process of bonding will be delayed even longer causing additional trauma.  


I want to share a video clip with you of the Barnes Family adoption from 2012.  Larry and Dawn Barnes are Deaf and this video shows their very first meeting with their 8 year old adopted Chinese Deaf son, Tie. This was in April 2012 and Tie had started attending the deaf school in China in September of 2011.  Just for the record, not all Chinese deaf schools teach their students sign language, many of them are oral or speaking only schools.  This was the first time Tie was given the opportunity of learning Chinese Sign Language (CSL), at the age of seven.  After the first day, I asked Larry what he thought about Tie's level of CSL.  He told me Tie was CSL fluent.  Keep in mind that was after only seven months of exposure to sign language at the age of seven years.  It is evident Tie was READY for learning his natural language of sign and did so in the sign language rich environment at his Chinese deaf school.  


In the video, notice how quickly Larry and Dawn can bridge the communication gap with Tie, in this very first meeting, even though CSL and ASL are vastly different.  There were three other hearing families in the same room meeting their hearing Chinese children.  Each had their own Chinese translator to facilitate communication.  The Barnes had no need for that.  Gestures play a huge role in communication when bridging the gap between two sign languages and they can also benefit hearing families in the beginning, as well. A phrase you will want to tell your self often, "Show, don't tell!" The pictures Larry and Dawn are showing Tie are of his brothers and sisters back home.  After showing him their pictures and their name signs (this will be covered in the blog post on Deaf Culture), only once, Tie could copy their ASL sign names correctly, even though he has never seen ASL signs before.

Hopefully, this video will help to educate those placing older deaf children who have been exposed to their own native sign language prior to adoption the need for placing them in ASL-fluent families or families who are well on their way to fluency.  Read Part 2 in this series to see how long it can take for someone to become "fluent" in another language, their second language, including American Sign Language.  


For some reason it is rare for hearing parents to learn to sign with their deaf biological children.  In fact, less than 10% of hearing parents learn to sign with their deaf children in the US, still today.  This statistic comes from the deaf schools where hearing parents send their children once they have realized their deaf child will be using sign language as their natural mode of communication and accepting the Deaf Culture as their own.  Through the years I have been told over and over again, by the hearing parents of their now adult Deaf children, "I so wish I could sign with my son/daughter.  I have missed so much not being able to communicate with them better."  Makes one wonder how their Deaf son or daughter has felt all their lives, doesn't it?

Ideally, embracing both worlds and becoming bilingual in both English and ASL and bicultural, the hearing and the Deaf culture, will grant the deaf child and their hearing family members the greatest benefits of both.

The video below shows how hearing parents of deaf children can learn to communicate freely in ASL and provide that rich environment for their deaf children to thrive.

How does the lack of communication relate to the much delayed cognitive, social and emotional development of the deaf child born to and raised by hearing parents who do not use sign language? 

Language acquisition is vital to communication which is vital for the brain to function and develop normally and research shows there is an optimum time for the baby brain to naturally learn language.  These delays for the deaf child delay not only their cognitive development, but also behavioral,  and social and emotional development for them, as well. 

All of the above information is relating to deaf children in loving biological families, born here in the US. Now, try to grasp the fact the deaf son or daughter you are contemplating adopting has been institutionalized and deprived of language, (among many other traumatic things) more than likely, from birth.  

Again, the purpose of this blog post is not to educate parents (adoptive or biological) on how to improve their deaf child's social and emotional development, but it is to make adoptive parents and those who represent deaf children for adoption aware of some of the additional challenges families will face when they adopt the deaf child.  These delays will be long term challenges and will often be frustrating for moms and dads, siblings, extended family members, educators, medical personnel, and everyone who interacts with the deaf child. 


Below are several resources to help increase your knowledge of the needs of the deaf child:

How Deaf Children Learn:  What Parents and Teachers Need to Know

Language Acquisition for Deaf Children:  Reducing the Harms of Zero Tolerance to the Use of Alternative Approaches


Social, Behavioral, and Emotional Issues related to Deaf/Hard of Hearing Student -- Part 1

Social, Behavioral, and Emotional Issues Related to Deaf/Hard of Hearing Student - Part 2